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Endometriosis

Endometriosis is the abnormal growth of endometrial tissue similar to those that form the inside of the uterus, but in a location outside of the uterus.

This abnormal growth undergoes cyclic monthly changes. It can penetrate into the surrounding tissue and form massive adhesions.

Causes of endometriosis

The Egyptian Ebert papyrus contains the first mention of a disease with characteristic symptoms of endometriosis and a description of its treatment. There are many theories explaining the causes of endometriosis, but none of them fully discloses the mechanisms of its development and the diversity of appearance.

As at present, the cause of endometriosis is explained, for example, by genetic predisposition and by the theory of hormonal development of the disease, suggesting that the origin of endometriosis is associated with disorders in the content and ratio of hormones in a woman’s body. This is confirmed by certain changes at the focal points of endometriosis throughout a woman’s menstrual cycle and by the reverse course of the disease during pregnancy and after menopause.

Implantation theory of emergence suggests that endometrial detached particles under certain situations, such as surgical abortion, traumatic childbirth, reflux of menstrual blood from the uterus into the fallopian tubes caused by spasmodic uterine contractions during menstrual pain, settle on the ovaries, fallopian tubes, and peritoneum and give rise to the development of endometriosis.

However, the most important are the negative shifts in the neuroendocrine system due to stress, malnutrition, general somatic diseases, endocrine gland disorders, and genital infection.